Enciclopedia Multimedia y Biblioteca Virtual de Economía EMVI Versión CD

Grandes Economistas

Carl Shapiro

Este experto en organización industrial alcanzó un notable prestigio tras la publicación, junto a Hal R. Varian, del libro Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy (1999), de obligada lectura para cualquier interesado en Economía de la Información.

Sus principales líneas de investigación se han centrado en política de competencia, estrategias competitivas y economía de la innovación. Más recientemente ha orientado sus estudios hacia la propiedad intelectual (patentes), compatibilidad de productos estándar, economías de red y telecomunicaciones y... políticas antimonopolio.

Intervino como asesor económico en el juicio contra Microsoft, defendiendo la necesidad de que los productos de dicha compañía fuesen compatibles con todos los sistemas operativos. En 1995-96 formó parte de la División Antimonopolio del Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos de América como economista-jefe.

Ph.D. en Economía por el Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1981), es en la actualidad Profesor de Economía en el Departamento de Economía de la University of California de Berkeley. En dicha universidad ocupa también los cargos de director del Institute of Business and Economic Research y el de Transamerica Professor of Business Strategy en el Economic Analysis and Policy Group de la Walter A. Haas School of Business. Es además Research Associate del National Bureau of Economic Research.

Con anterioridad fue profesor en Princenton University en la década de los años ochenta, así como editor del Journal of Economics perspective y fellow en el Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences.

Shapiro es fundador del Tilden Group y trabaja actualmente para Charles River Associates. Ambas son compañías consultoras de economía. Sus clientes han sido muy conocidos y variopintos: Xerox, General Electric, Intel, Kodak, Rockwell, Time Warner, Direct TV, Bell Atlantic, el Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos o la Comisión Federal de Comercio, entre otros.

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OBRAS de Carl SHAPIRO

• "Antitrust Limits to Patent Settlements", Rand Journal of Economics, Summer 2003.
• "Antitrust Analysis of Patent Settlements Between Rivals", Antitrust Magazine, Summer 2003.
• "Critical Loss: Let’s Tell the Whole Story", with Michael L. Katz, Antitrust Magazine, Spring 2003.
• "The FTC’s Challenge to Intel’s Licensing Practices ", in The Antitrust Revolution: Economics, Competition, and Policy, 4^th Edition, John E. Kwoka, Jr. and Lawrence J. White, eds., Oxford University Press, 2003.
• "The British Petroleum/ARCO Merger: Alaskan Crude Oil", with Jeremy Bulow, in The Antitrust Revolution: Economics, Competition, and Policy, 4^th Edition, John E. Kwoka, Jr. and Lawrence J. White, eds., Oxford University Press, 2003.
• "Antitrust Policy in the Clinton Administration", with Robert E. Litan, in American Economic Policy in the 1990s, Jeffrey Frankel and Peter Orszag, eds., Center for Business and Government, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 2002.
• "Trans-AtlanticvDivergence in GE/Honeywell: Causes and Lessons", with Donna E. Patterson, Antitrust Magazine, Fall 2001.
• "Scale Economies and Synergies  in Horizontal Merger Analysis", with Joseph Farrell, Antitrust Law Journal, vol. 68, no. 3, 2001.
• "Navigating the Patent Thicket: Cross Licenses, Patent Pools and Standard Setting ", in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Adam Jaffe, Joshua Lerner, and Scott Stern, eds., National Bureau of Economics, 2001.
• "Simulating Partial Asset Divestitures to ‘Fix’ Mergers", with Jith Jayaratne, International Journal of the Economics of Business, 2000.
• "Competition Policy: A Century of Economic and Legal Thinking", with William Kovacic, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 2000.
• "Setting Compatibility Standards: Cooperation or Collusion? ", in Expanding the Bounds of Intellectual Property, Rochelle Dreyfuss, Diane Zimmerman, and Harry First, eds., 2001, Oxford University Press.
• "Competition Policy in the Information Economy", in Competition Policy Analysis, Einar Hope, ed., 2000, Routledge Studies in the Modern World Economy.
• Information Rules:  A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, with Hal R. Varian, Harvard Business School Press, 1999, see http://www.inforules.com/.
• "Exclusivity in Network Industries", George Mason Law Review, Spring 1999.
• "The Art of Standards Wars", with Hal R. Varian, California Management Review, Winter 1999.
• "Antitrust in Software Markets ", with Michael L. Katz, in Competition, Convergence, and the Microsoft Monopoly, 1999, Kluwer.
• "Versioning: The Smart Way to Sell Information ", with Hal R. Varian, Harvard Business Review, November-December 1998.
• "Unilateral Refusals to License Intellectual Property and International Competition Policy ", with Richard J. Gilbert, in Competition and Trade Policies, Einar Hope and Per Maeleng, eds.,  1998, Routledge.
• "Antitrust Issues in the Licensing of Intellectual Property: The Nine No-No’s Meet the Nineties", with Richard J. Gilbert, Brookings Papers on Economics: Microeconomics, 1997.
• "Crown-Jewel Provisions in Merger Consent Decrees ", with Michael Sohn, Antitrust Magazine, 1997.
• "Privacy, Self-Regulation, and Antitrust", with Joseph Kattan, in Privacy and Self-Regulation in the Information Age, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997.
• "Antitrust Policy: Towards a Post-Chicago Synthesis ", Jobs & Capital, Winter 1997.
• "An Economic Analysis of Unilateral Refusals to License Intellectual Property ", with Richard J. Gilbert, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, November 12, 1996.
• "Re-Examining Dominance and Unlawful Exclusion Rules ", Antitrust Conference Report, The Conference Board, 1996.
• "Antitrust in Network Industries", Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice, March 1996, see usdoj.gov/atr/public/speeches/shapir.mar.
• "Mergers with Differentiated Products ", Antitrust, Spring 1996.  See also usdoj.gov/atr/public/speeches/shapiro.spc.
• "Aftermarkets and Consumer Welfare: Making Sense of Kodak", Antitrust Law Journal, Spring 1995.
• "Systems Competition and Network Effects", with Michael L. Katz, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Spring 1994.
• "Systems Competition and Aftermarkets: An Economic Analysis of Kodak", with David J. Teece, Antitrust Bulletin, Spring 1994.
• "The Dynamics of Bandwagons", with Joseph Farrell, in Problems of Coordination in Economic Activity, James W. Friedman, ed., Kluwer Press, 1993.
• "Standard Setting in High Definition Television", with Joseph Farrell, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 1992.
• "Product duction with Network Externalities", with Michael L. Katz, Journal of Industrial Economics, March 1992.
• "Horizontal Mergers: Reply", with Joseph Farrell, American Economic Review, September 1991.
• "duction to Liability Symposium", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 1991.
• "Economic Rationales for the Scope of Privatization", with Robert D. Willig, in The Political Economy of Public Sector Reform and Privatization, Ezra N. Suleiman and John Waterbury, eds., Westview Press, San Francisco, CA, 1990.
• "On the Antitrust Treatment of Production Joint Ventures", with Robert D. Willig, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer 1990.
• "Asset Ownership and Market Structure in Oligopoly", with Joseph Farrell, Rand Journal of Economics, Summer 1990.
• "Optimal Patent Length and Breadth", with Richard Gilbert, Rand Journal of Economics, Spring 1990.
• "Horizontal Mergers: An Equilibrium Analysis", with Joseph Farrell, American Economic Review, March 1990.
• "Theories of Oligopoly Behavior", in The Handbook of Industrial Organization, R. Schmalensee and R.D. Willig (eds.), 1989.
• "Market Power and Mergers in Durable Goods Industries: Comment", Journal of Law and Economics, 1989
• "The Theory of Business Strategy", Rand Journal of Economics, Spring 1989.
• "Optimal Contracts with Lock-In", with Joseph Farrell, American Economic Review, March 1989.
• "Dynamic Competition with Switching Costs", with Joseph Farrell, Rand Journal of Economics, Spring 1988.
• "Counterfeit-Product Trade", with Gene. M. Grossman, American Economic Review, March 1988.
• "Foreign Counterfeiting of Status Goods", with Gene. M. Grossman, Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1988.
• "Dynamic R&D Competition", with Gene M. Grossman, Economic Journal, June 1987.
• "R&D Rivalry with Licensing or Imitation ", with Michael L. Katz, American Economic Review, June 1987.
• "Optimal Dynamic R&D Programs", with Gene M. Grossman, Rand Journal of Economics, Winter 1986.
• "Product Compatibility Choice in a Market with Technological Progress", with Michael L. Katz, Oxford Economic Papers, Special Issue on the New Industrial Economics, November 1986.
• "Investment, Moral Hazard, and Occupational Licensing", Review of Economic Studies, October 1986.
• "How to License Intangible Propertyquot;, with Michael L. Katz, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1986.
• "Research Joint Ventures: An Antitrust Analysis", with Gene M. Grossman, Journal of Law Economics and Organization, Fall 1986.
• "Consumer Shopping Behavior in the Retail Coffee Market", with Michael L. Katz, in Empirical Approaches to Consumer Protection, Pauline M. Ippolito and David T. Scheffman, eds., Federal Trade Commission, 1986.
• "Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externalitie", with Michael L. Katz, Journal of Political Economy, August 1986.
• "Entry Dynamics with Mixed Strategies", with Avinash K. Dixit, in The Economics of Strategic Planning, L.G. Thomas, ed., Lexington Press, 1986.
• "Exchange of Cost Information in Oligopoly", Review of Economic Studies, July 1986.
• "InterLATA Capacity Growth and Market Competition", with Robert D. Willig, in Telecommunications and Equity: Policy Research Issues, Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Telecommunications Policy Research Conference, James Miller, ed., North Holland, 1986.
• "Can Unemployment be Involuntary? Reply", with Joseph E. Stiglitz, American Economic Review, December 1985.
• "On the Licensing of Innovations", with Michael L. Katz, Rand Journal of Economics, Winter 1985.
• "Normative Issues Raised by International Trade in Technology Services ", with Gene M. Grossman, in Trade and Investment in Service: Canada/U.S. Perspectives, R.M. Stern (ed.), Ontario Economic Council, 1985.
• "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device: Reply", with Joseph E. Stiglitz,  American Economic Review, September 1985.
• "Advances in Supervision Technology and Economic Welfare: A General Equilibrium Analysis", with Janusz Ordover, Journal of Public Economics, December 1984.
• "The General Motors-Toyota Joint Venture: An Economic Assessment", with Janusz A. Ordover, Wayne Law Journal, Summer 1985.
• "Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility", with Michael L. Katz, American Economic Review, June 1985.
• "Patent Licensing and R&D Rivalry", American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, May 1985.
• "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device", with Joseph E. Stiglitz, American Economic Review, June 1984.
• "Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products", with Gene M. Grossman, Review of Economic Studies, January 1984.
• "Premiums for High Quality Products as Returns to Reputation", Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 1983.
• "Consumer Protection in the United States", Zeitscrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, October 1983.
• "A Theory of Factor Mobility", with Gene M. Grossman, Journal of Political Economy, October 1982.
• "Optimal Pricing of Experience Goods", Bell Journal of Economics, Autumn 1983.
• "Consumer Information, Product Quality, and Seller Reputation", Bell Journal of Economics, Spring 1982.
• "Advertising and Welfare: Comment ", Bell Journal of Economics, Autumn 1980.

Working Papers y otros trabajos de investigación

• "Competition Policy and Innovation", Prepared for the Directorate for Scientific, Technology, and Industry, OECD, STI Working Paper No. 2002/11, April 2002, www.oecd.org/sti.
• "Market Definition in Crude Oil: Estimating the Effects of the BP/ARCO Merger", with John Hayes and Robert Town, July 2001.
• "U.S. Government Information Policy", with Hal R. Varian, prepared for the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence), U.S. Department of Defense, August 1997.
• Economic Models of Counterfeiting, with Gene M. Grossman, Report to the U.S. Department of Labor, International Labor Affairs Bureau, January 1988.
• "Strategic Behavior and R&D Competition", Prepared for the National Bureau of Economic Research, March 1984.
• "Advertising as a Barrier to Entry?", Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics Working Paper #74, July 1982.
• "Product Differentiation and Imperfect Competition: Policy Perspectives", Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics Working Paper #70, July 1982.

Libros revista

• Review of Bandwagon Effects in High-Technology Industries by Jeffrey H. Rohlfs, in the Journal of Economics, 2003.
• Will E-Commerce Erode Liberty? Review of Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace, by Lawrence Lessig.  Review in the Harvard Business Review, May/June 2000.
• Controlling Industrial Pollution: The Economics and Politics of Clean Air, by Robert W. Crandall. Review in the Journal of Economic Literature, June 1984, pp. 625-627.
• Sunk Costs and Market Structure: Price Competition, Advertising, and the Evolution of Concentration, by John Sutton.  Review in the Journal of Economic Literature, 1993.

Biografía elaborada por Pablo Miró Rocasolano

pablomirorocasolano@hotmail.com


Actualizada por última vez el 10 de octubre de 2003


Para citar este documento en cualquier trabajo use el siguiente formato:
Miró Rocasolano, Pablo (2003):"Carl Shapiro",
enMartínez Coll, Juan Carlos
(2001): Grandes Economistas (http://www.eumed.net/cursecon/economistas/index.htm),
Enciclopedia Multimedia EMVI (http://www.eumed.net/cursecon/index.htm),
consultado el (poner fecha de consulta).